I have the same problem.
I had it previously with a CH Combatstick USB and CH Pro Pedals USB.
Now, occurring with Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog joystick, Thrustmaster HOTAS throttle, and CH Pro Pedals USB. Was connected via individual ports, or by a USB hub.
TrackIR is not affected at all.
When I lose the joysticks, unplugging and replugging within the game does not allow the joysticks to show up. However, if I quit Arma 3, unplug hub, replug, and re-load Arma 3, the joysticks appear again. However, I might lose the joysticks 10 minutes later. This makes consistent multiplayer gaming nearly impossible if I have to quit and rejoin just to have my joysticks back.
I heard that there may be a capacitor issue with the USB ports on the motherboard, but have not been able to find more information about this.
It seems like the problem occurs with great frequency if I go to the options menu while playing the game.