This is a feature request to add "Temperature change based on elevation" and also to add more weather effects by expanding on the rain component within the engine's existing weather technology.

If terrain elevation affected terrain/air temperature, then you could apply diversified weather based on temperature+elevation change such as the snow effect demonstrated in the following video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzqNmgzlFVQ

This effect was created by applying changes to the existing rain component already used in-game via the engine's environment parameters.
As with rain the snow effect shown above is affected by all the same parameters such as wind, wind direction, gusts, density, etc.
All changes are done at config level with no sqf/scripting involved, which results in vastly increased fps compared to sqf methods created by the community for a similar effect.

Through diversifying the current rain system to handle a few more input classes (snow & dust) and by factoring in terrain elevation and temperature then different weather factors can be applied to an environment to assist in better simulating different climates based on elevation.

With both of these features implemented it would be possible to for example:

In temperate environments have the weather transition from rain at lower altitudes to snow at higher altitudes.
In arid/desert environment have the weather transition from calm weather to a dusty enviroment as the wind increases.
In artic/snow environments remove rain altogether and replace it with snow and/or dust elements.
In an apocalyptic environment have the dust adapted to resemble volcanic/nuclear fallout dust.

The only drawback to elevation/temperature changes I see is that it may effect the thermal components the game uses, however this could also result in a more diverse and realistic thermal environment if implemented correctly.
Weather-wise I don't see any drawbacks in implementing more diverse weather types. With them being available it will give the option to create more realistic evironments in addition to the current wind/sun/rain/overcast weather set.

In the larger scope of things, terrains would be able to benefit from this technology by applying one or more unique weather systems and create a more realistic climates for those terrains.
Scenario & mission authors could also benefit from being able to adjust these components to create more realistic diverse environments for their scenarios to take place on.
Mods such as ACE could also benefit from the elevation/temperature technology allowing them to factor it into their ballistic calculations along with the existing wind params.
Mods that add uniforms could factor in insulating qualities to their clothing to negate the temperature effects set by the environment.

I can think of a thousand ways these features could enhance Arma 3, but ultimately the decision comes down to you, Bohemia and whether such an implementation is possible or even feasable.

I hope you take my thoughts and inputs into consideration and if you need any more input please do not hesitate to ask, however if such a feature is technically not possible please do reply and keep me and the community updated on the progression of this ticket.

Regards
Uro