The field of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is currently comprised of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) and [[ https://bcc.creative-bioarray.com/stable-cell-line-generation.htm | T Cell Receptor ]](TCR)-engineered T cells and has emerged from principles of basic immunology to paradigm-shifting clinical immunotherapy. ACT of T cells engineered to express artificial receptors that target cells of choice is an exciting new approach for cancer, and holds equal promise for chronic infection and autoimmunity.